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The Story of Expansion

There is in the long and through the times,effortsfor the human with all love for expansions that have passed through history.Those of who are in authority wanted after them to achieve their goals with the intention of men. So they had duties let them to service the guests of Elrahmanand the visitors of the House of Allah and the successive expansions began with the expansion of the first Saudi Arabia followed by the second Saudi expansion until the implementation of the supreme orders to be taken by the rational government to implement the largest expansion through the history of the Grand Mosque. Then, all the efforts to complete the project giant for the expansion of Saudi Arabia as the third largest expansion in history when the project was assigned to a specialized company to carry out the implementation with the highest standards of quality in the world, to meet many challenges have been deteriorated over time, and among the most important objectives during the construction of the expansion beginning from design and the Implementationstages, isnot stopping the services from the Haram and the maintenance of Zamzam basin in addition to not interrupting prayers and rituals for the worshipers and visitors of the House of Allah, throughout the years of implementation …

 

Therefore, it was based on the provision of an integrated system to provide a new service concept that is integrated in the construction of the expansion with the highest quality standards in the year with all its details …

High quality in design and construction allocated to the territory of the state tocharacterizedthe pillars of the new building with the highest international standards in construction….

The importance of the environmental factors surrounding to preservation of the architectural character for the old Haram to suit with the design of the expansion of the new building is well under way.

The building considerations have received a lot of attention step by step in implementation of the orders of the Government of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques to enrich the building with creative details of engineering and construction, all the efforts to decorate the Haramare associated, and we used money and science to end the project of the Harram and to spend 100 years as construction work.

The story of the construction of the new expansion began to be the largest expansion known to the Holy Mosque throughout history, and to lay these efforts as rules for any future expansions.

The third Saudi expansion project and related elements were designed within the framework of development the central region, with aim of doubling the absorptive capacity of worshipers and solving the problems of overcrowding of crowds and providing all services in response to the aspirations of Mecca residents and its visitors.And to facilitate rituals, to serve pilgrims and mini pilgrims, in line with the development of the Holy Mosque and the City of Security to transfer Mecca to the first world row.

 

The third Saudi expansion project includes a number of important elements, most notably the addition of a new building to the Haram from the north, which is architecturally oriented towards the Kaaba.

The expansion building was implemented with a total area of buildings carry 300.000 prayers, three floors with five levelsto the roof floor, with the basement of the project being constructed for electrical and mechanical services and various departments. The design of the facades and the construction maintained the architectural character of the Haramand was taken into consideration. In addition to the gray marble of the Haram from the Fatima Valley quarries, precast concrete units were used in the work of the new internal and external facades, and the external decorative works of the facades of the building, in addition to glass and crystal.

The new expansion includes a hundred and eighty-eight main and branch doors. The iron is designed with high quality specifications and chemiotherapythat enables it to continue for more than 120 years, all of which open and close easily according to the vision of crowd management through automatic control. The main gate, with a width of fifty-nine meters with two minarets rising at a height of one hundred and thirty-seven meters, as well as two similar minarets for the eastern and western façades. The design concept was based on creation of prayer halls and traffic corridors based on the structural design by adopting the idea of designing the building in a circular, radiative way, centered on the Kaaba, surrounded by a large construction spaces. On both sides of the main corridor, the prayer halls were divided into four different levels, centered with eighteen internal courtyards with the height of the building. The objective is to ease presidency of the crowds from the third Saudi expansion and the existing building to connect the different floors of the building.And covered with mobile glass roofs and domes that allow it to be opened for use from thenatural lighting and ventilation in the appropriate climatic conditions, in addition to four domes fixed hardened using gold mosaic units.

The expansion building is topped by a movable main dome with a diameter of thirty-six meters and a height of eighty-two meters. The design takes into consideration the necessary ventilation and natural lighting, as well as firefighting and air removal systems, which are decorated with a combination of high quality and unique qualities of rare wood.

In the interior finishes the marble was used in the floor of the squares, in addition to the use of the marble in the columns, as well as the copper plated with gold. This was also used in cladding of walls and decorative verses. The ceilings were decorated with gold-plated and crystal tiles for use as additional lighting units with various lighting elements and chandeliers decorated the interior halls, as well as a large number of giant chandeliers in gilded colors. The walls were decorated with Qur’anic verses with a manuscript of over 1,000 meters long.

The finest crystal in the world was used in Electrolier, where it was specially manufactured for the Mecca Mosque in the finest factories of Austria and the Czech Republic.

All of the above is in line with the expansion of the new expansion building, one hundred and fifty-eight elevators, in addition to 86 electrical circuits that serve all directions and facilities to meet all needs for the elderly and special needs.

Modern Systems

To enhance the services of the expansion building, the plan included the establishment of several modern systems which are digitally and manually controlled.
• Lighting system.
• Air quality control system.
•Sound system.
• Central clock system and timing of prayer.
• TV broadcasting system.
• TV surveillance systems.
• Crowd monitoring system in terms of density and census.
• Fire alarm system, firefighting and rainwater drainage.
The expansion was surrounded by an area of 157,000 square meters on the northern side, with the same levels of entrances and gates, to be the second component of the expansion project and was implemented to accommodate about 280,000 people. The public facilities below these squares are warranted by the basement for the expansion service in addition to the other basement contains the toilets and Places of ablution and electromechanical services and stores.
The pavilions were covered with a variety of umbrellas, including eight large umbrellas within the main gate area.
The building is connected to four floors of bridges at all levels of the building, as well as fifth bridges linking Al Marwa with the squares and the northern terraces, with each bridge separately on all levels, with the aim of unloading crowds to and from Al-Masjid Al-Haram Street. Both for use in emergency situations.
The northern terraces were an important component and a major component of the third expansion and an architectural form characterized by gradual levels, where the surface is used as additional spaces to accommodate about three hundred and sixty thousand (360.000) person.
The project's executing company has set up toilets and Places of ablution in the terraces, with it the number of the implemented in the entire project has reached twelve thousand and four hundred (12,400) toilets, and 8,650 Places of ablution have been allocated. Some toilets were allocated for people with special needs.Water taps were developed in the public utilities to serve the expansion as well as Zamzam water taps.
The expansion included four pedestrian tunnels to serve the crowds from the northern side of the Haram. It is secured by all safety and ventilation systems and provide toilets , all in an interactive framework, in order to facilitate the safe and safe access of pilgrims and mini pilgrims to the Holy Mosque, ranging between 90 and 1000 meters. To allow the entry of special mechanisms in case of emergency, in addition to establishment two emergency tunnels.
In order to integrate the services into this comprehensive expansion, the Mecca Holy Mosque Hospital will be built to accommodate 200 beds, a private residence for doctors and another building for theworkers. It will be located at the end of the pedestrian tunnels to facilitate movement and work mechanisms from Haram to the hospital for ease movement.

 

Central Service

Tunnelfor services was constructed linking the central services complex with the Haram. It was implemented along a length of one thousand and one hundred and fifty meters and a width of sixteen meters to connect the services of the central station in Haram which contains a cooling complex which is the largest in the world, in the expansion service which contains a range of buildings for administrative, security, It also includes the Zamzam cooler building.

 

Complex Comprises
  • High-pressure power station, which includes six transformers, each with a capacity of seven and sixty megawatts.
  • The backup generator station, which includes fourteen generators, each with a capacity of five and a half megawatts.
  • Air conditioning and water cooling plant with 160,000 tons of cooling capacity, taking into account the future projects.
  • Central waste collection station by automatic discharge system up to six hundred tons per day.
  • A tank and fire water pumps with a reservoir capacity of 9,000 cubic meters.
  • A reservoir of water cooling towers with a capacity of sixteen thousand cubic meters.
  • A multifunctional service building for mechanical operating systems.
  • Technical Training Building.
Electrical Feeding

In order to ensure the continuity of the electrical recharge of the expansion project and the related elements, a system was established to ensure the reliability of the electrical feeding of the project with the highest quality standards, to achieve the best performance, efficiency and work continuously without interruption in the electricity system under any circumstances. four thousand four hundred MVA, and electric cables with lengths of up to one hundred and four thousand and three hundred and seventeen meters, with the development of existing plants and all fully connected with the expansion and terminal services project.

Tawaf Expansion

Over more than 1,000 years, and with the successive expansions and the first, second and third expansions of Saudi Arabia, the courtyard that surrounded the corridors of the old Haram did not change. In order the link between the rituals of the waking between safa and al marwa withtawaaf, there is an urgent need to find solutions to increase the absorptive capacity to control the intensity of crowds and crowds At all levels of the courtyard of Kaaba and the surface, where the tawaaf was confined to the area of the courtyard around the Kaaba, given the many constraints faced by Taif within the construction of the first Saudi expansion with the numbers of columns and the massive overlap of Taif with prayers.
The design solution has two main components. First, the rearrangement of the old Haram, as well as the first Saudi expansion, be reduce the level of the ground floor to the same level as the basement, reducing the number of columns of the ground floor and the basement by about 60 percent, and reducing the number of columns of the first floor by 70 percent, the total reduce in Haram columns will be sixty-five percent, taking into account that the building was designed structural distribution of columns and a large construction of twenty-six meters of five levels, so that after the completion of expansion of the courtyard associated with the basement of buildings, and the ground floor, and the first floor, the surface, to assume other roles in the event of expansion, to take advantage of them in the future for coming generations.
Thus, the design idea contributed to the promotion tawafin all floors and levels from the basement to the upper and the roof, which aims to decipher Chokes, and break up the crowds to enable the pilgrims from performing rituals safely.
The current design takes into account the difference in the levels of the Haram andcourtyard by lowering the level of the old Haram to become with the same level of courtyard , and to achieve a direct correlation to the basement of the first and second expansion.
It was executed in three consecutive phases, while maintaining the architectural character of the old Haram. The latest technologies were used for restoration and rearrangement, with the completion of the new construction in order to preserve a glorious history.
Despite the increasing numbers of pilgrims during the three-year implementation of the project,the ritual did not stop at all, despite all the obstacles faced by the project, which was overcome all with the highest security and safety standards.

Zamzam

Efforts have also been made to create Zamzam well to maintain the quality and quantity of Zamzam water.
From several valleys of all directions around the Haram, Zamzam water flows to the lowest point in Wadi Ibrahim, the blessed well. We have great challenges to preserve the sustainability of natural resources without causing any change in the waterways in the natural faults around the Haram.
With the help of Allah, it was maintained without damage the paths of natural water and the geological structure under the mountain.
The use of real techniques and laboratories for layers and sand and digital simulation of the movement of natural water in the valley and understanding the dynamics of that movement and analysis of samples were developed and recommended to any depth suitable for drilling in addition to recommend the extent of mountain remediation that ensure not to disturb the natural geological track system of Zamzam water sources.
The necessary samples of gravel were taken from the valleys around the Haram from the same geological structure of the gravel that the water passes before reaching the Zamzam well.
After the gravel was collected, it was grinded, and was washed with drinking water and then roasted to ensure the removal of any suspended organic material. The drying phase was carried out in the appropriate places. The gravel was transported in closed cars. And then add layer brushes with polyethylene insulation to ensure that no surface deposits are present.
The concrete phase was with special specifications in the area of Al-Mataf and the northern expansion zone. The design strength of the concrete reached about 800 kg per square centimeter in order to maintain the level of safety which allows the penetration of the concrete.

Infrastructure

Completion of the third Saudi expansion projects require the establishment of a system of infrastructure services consisting of three components:

  1. The main supply system of the Central Services Complex with treated water for the operation of refrigerants from the site of the Hada station.
  2. Drainage tunnel with an internal diameter of two thousand and eight hundred millimeters, from the third expansion area of Saudi Arabia in the street of KaabaMount until the link point next to the Palace of Hospitality.
  3. Increasing the storage capacity of the Malakan reservoir, which has an capacity of 80 thousand cubic meters. And the establishment of a new mineral reservoir with a capacity of one hundred and forty thousand cubic meters next to the existing reservoir and the implementation of pipelines to feed the toilets of the Haram. And build a new lift station.
International Factories

In order to achieve the highest quality standards, the best raw materials were chosen from the major local and international factories after several careful studies to select all that with the highest international standards, in line with the third SaudiArabia expansion project with special specifications.
Since that date and until today, the Holy Mosque space has increased from one hundred and fifty square meters when Ibrahim raised its bases, peace be upon him, to about one million and a half million square meters, with an ingenious creativity that matches the role of Mecca in the service of the Holy House and the guests of Rahman.
With the completion of the expansion of the third Saudi Arabia, the total number of worshipers in the Holy Mosque will be one million and eight hundred and fifty thousand worshipers (1.850.000).
Over the years of implementation, the Government has valued all serious and ongoing efforts to make this project ideal in its performance, meeting the requirements of its objectives ...
Is the responsibility for us ...... and everyone involved......
The entire honor ... when we saved the Covenant..... We care the honesty because it is theclosest from our hearts ....
We did our best to achieve the comfort of the guests of Rahman.
It is the mission of men .....the justice is the core point on it, to achieve the service of the two Holy Mosques ...
A greeting of appreciation to men true to what they promised Allah.


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Third Saudi Expansion – Holy Haram 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_E-z0nwMwpg
Third Saudi Expansion – Holy Haram 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msACzCRR8gc
Third Saudi Expansion – Shamiyah – Holy Haram
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuvzSSLPn-0
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